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december 01, 2020 - MAK Museum

'ADOLF LOOS: Private Houses' at MAK Museum, Vienna

ADOLF LOOS: Private Houses

Opening Tuesday, 1 December 2020

Exhibition Venue MAK Permanent Collection Contemporary Art MAK, Stubenring 5, 1010 #vienna

Exhibition Dates 1 December 2020 – 14 March 2021

Opening Hours Tue 10 a.m.–9 p.m., Wed–Sun 10 a.m.–6 p.m.


The MAK is mounting an exhibition to mark the 150th birthday of Adolf Loos (1870– 1933), one of the most important pioneers of modernism in architecture. ADOLF LOOS: Private Houses focuses on his revolutionary private residential buildings, the lion’s share of which were luxuriously appointed single-family homes, villas, and country residences for a bourgeois, frequently Jewish clientele as well as for artists and literary figures. As a contrast to such structures, the present selection of 100 #design sketches, plans, photographs, and models from the Albertina Museum’s Adolf Loos Archive also includes important social projects designed by this exceptional architect, including structures for the housing cooperative Wiener Siedlungswerk, for the municipality of #vienna, and for the Austrian Werkbund. Adolf Loos’s complex oeuvre, especially his architecture and his writings, had a sustained influence over the past century’s culture of building. With his revolutionary architectural solutions, Loos satisfied one of the most important human needs—the need for housing. Later architectural icons such as Richard Neutra, Heinrich Kulka, Rudolph M. Schindler, and (briefly) Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky numbered among his students and colleagues. As an energetic opponent of the historicist Ringstraße style and a sharp critic of both Art Nouveau and the #vienna Secession, Loos also left his mark on Vienna’s aesthetic discourse around the turn of the last century. In his numerous theoretical tracts and especially in his legendary polemic Ornament and Crime (1908), he spoke out vehemently against all newly invented ornamentation of utilitarian objects and buildings. Residential buildings were a topic for Loos throughout his career, and they occupy a special place in his output. This MAK exhibition sheds light on both his planned and his realized projects, which can be divided into private and public housing. Loos created his structures in a highly independent manner but not without a wide array of influences, among which one can discern complex ties to American, English, and Mediterranean architecture as well as to classicism and antiquity.

From the USA, where he spent three years of his life, Loos brought to #vienna an entirely new impression of modern culture that he propagated in polemic newspaper articles and demonstrated in his famous Looshaus (1910/11) on Michaelerplatz: this building’s structural clarity and unadorned façade created a public scandal in the #vienna of that day. Whenever possible, Loos preferred to #design his often flat-roofed private residential buildings with large terraces and in accordance with his idea of the Raumplan (lit.: “spatial plan”): this self-developed system departed from the method of simply “layering” floors on top of each other, with each room instead being given the height and floor space necessary for its intended use. This economical way of dealing with space gave rise to a complex, spatially interlocked system that did and still does offer a high degree of livability. Projects planned and/or built according to this system between 1903 and 1931, such as the houses for the Dadaist figure Tristan Tzara (1925/26), for the singer and dancer Josephine Baker in Paris (1927—this house was never realized), for the builder František Müller in Prague (1928–1930), and for the textile manufacturer Hans Moller in #vienna (1927), number among the world’s most important 20th-century single family homes. In addition to showing Adolf Loos’s architectural projects, this exhibition will for the first time ever juxtapose the plaster replica of his bust by sculptor Artur Immanuel Löwental (1911) with his death mask, which was taken by Adolf Rainbauer in 1933. After the exhibitions WAYS TO MODERNISM: Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos, and their Impact (17 December 2014 – 19 April 2015) and LOOS: Our Contemporary (13 March – 23 June 2013), the MAK’s ADOLF LOOS: Private Houses offers a renewed opportunity to experience and explore the oeuvre of a forward thinker who quested after a distinctly human form of modernism.

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